Book ITC - A-3 Communication Technology

As regards the implicit order, every new moment could,
in principle, be completely independent from the preceding one
– everything could be all-round creative.
David BOHM

While the organic-sensorimotor modes of communication (touching - feeling, speaking - hearing, sign-making – seeing) have been used naively and unthinkingly for thousands of years, it is predominantly during the last 150 years, in the course of development and perfection of telecommunication systems, that various fundamental connections have been established which can contribute to an understanding of the technical aspects of ITC, and which are therefore briefly outlined here (for details see, f.i., STOLL).

The transmission of EM signals, done with (practically) the speed of light, as a physical presentation of notices or data can be effected as well along material structures (‘lines’ made of metal or glass: example: approx. 30000 telephone conversations ‘simultaneously’ on one hair-thin glass fiber), or through the air-filled or ‘empty’ space. The first proposal for a magnetic sign transmission system was made in 1558 by BATTISTA; almost three centuries passed till the idea began to be realized by inventors, engineers and scientists: MORSE (1838, telegraphy), REIS/BELL (1861/1876, telephony), EDISON (1877, phonograph), MAXWELL (1873, theoretical foundations of electrodynamics and prediction of EM waves), HERTZ (1888, experimental generation of EM waves), Father Landell DE MOURA (1893, telephony), POPOW/MARCONI (1896, wireless telegraphy), BRAUN (1897, electron-beam tube), Lee DE FOREST (1907, radio), BAIRD (1926, wireless phototelegraphy/video – television), WATT 1939 according to a proposal by HUELSMEYER 1904 (wireless locating – radar), GABOR (1947, holography), MAIMAN (1960, on idea by EINSTEIN 1917, laser), ZUSE (1941, relay computer), A.C. CLARKE (1945, geosynchronous satellites), MAUCHLY/ECKERT (1946, electronic computer), USSR (1957, first earth satellite).

Analogous and digital signals are distinguished by their respective characteristic time forms. The first can be represented in form of continuous functions, combinations of oscillations of different (harmonic) frequences and amplitudes, mathematically: ‘orthogonal systems of functions’ (HARMUTH); the latter consist of sequences of momentary pulses, at their simplest of two discrete states (‘binary codes’). Using AD (analog to digital) converters (digitizers), analogous signals can be digitized, DA (digital-analogous) converters effect the inverse operation.

In analog technology, a multitude of modulation- and reciprocal demodulation methods (principally amplitude- and frequency modulation: AM and FM) allow to mix the contents of the notices with, and subsequently to re-separate them from the ‘carrier waves’ featuring (mostly) high frequencies [8]. Pre-condition for an effective transmission is the resonance of the spatially separated sender and receiver, both EM coupled, i.e. the conformity of the periods of the natural oscillations (of the reciprocal natural frequencies) of their oscillation circuits consisting of capacitors and coils [9].

[8] AM: broadcasting with long-wave, medium-/hectometer-, and short/radio-wave/high-frequency transmitter; FM: broadcasting on ultrashort wave transmitter. Television works with pulse trains.

[9] The components need not to be identical; for resonance effects the sameness of the parameters of capacity x inductivity of the products is essential.

The resonance phenomenon (selectivity and maximum energy transmission), since ancient times known from music acoustics, permits, together with the principle of superposition without interferences, the simultaneous transmission of a multitude of signals on different carrier frequencies within the entire EM spectrum, from the extreme low frequency ELF at only a few kHz up to the visible light frequency at 750 thousand Hz. With view to the global offer of frequencies: a selective receiver responds only to transmissions whose frequencies it is tuned to, and whose demodulation it is adapted to. Ideally, everything else passes by without trace, or it is distorted into incomprehensible forms.

The time multiplex procedure used in modern telecommunication appears to be a particularly interesting method of transmission because of its possible connections with ITC. With this method, several notices (e.g., U, V, W) coming from different sources and destined for separate receivers are first digitally encoded, then, in form of timely nested sequences (U1,2,3…; V1,2,3…;W1,2,3…), are put on the entry of an appropriate transmission track (acc. to Ill. 7). At the track’s outfeed the basic cycle common to all the pulses (01, 03, 05 …) has to be synchronized, and the correct selection of those pulse sequences representing the original notice has to be assured. Even slight deviations from these synchronizing conditions hinder the correct decoding, is to say the re-obtention of the original notices for their transport to the final receiver [10, 11].

[10] When the receiver’s gate times, i.e. those times during which it is open for the synchronized receipt of arriving pulses, lie in the gaps between the transmitter’s pulses, receipt is impossible!

[11] For pulse code modulation see in C-15, Bio-Systems.

TIME WINDOWS OF BASIC CYCLE

ANALOG SPEECH SIGNALS (e.g. THREE TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS U, V, W) ARE CONVERTED (ENCODED) INTO SEQUENCES OF PULSES U_i, V_i, W_i. ONE AFTER THE OTHER, THE NESTED PULSES ARE TRANSMITTED AT PERIODICAL TIME WINDOWS. IN OUR EXAMPLE THE ‘U’ PULSES ARE AT POINTS 01-07-13 …IN TIME, THOSE OF ‘V’ AT 03-09-15 …, THOSE OF W AT 05-11-17 …. THE DISASSEMBLY OF THE SIGNALS AT THE ENTRY OF THE TRANSMISSION TRACK, AND THE REASSEMBLY AT THE TRACK END ARE DONE BY FAST SWITCHES. CONSEQUENTLY THE TRANSMISSION OF THE TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS ACTUALLY IS NOT PERFORMED ‘SIMULTANEOUSLY’ !

Ill. 7: TIME-MULTIPLEX SYSTEMATICS IN TELECOMMUNICATION

Successful EM message transmission requires not only the keep-up of the correct conditions of resonance and synchronization, in addition have to be observed the laws governing the relationship between the maximum transmission rate and the width of the transmission channel’s frequency band: the narrower the channel, the smaller is the data flow capacity (transmission capacity = data/time [12]) . These magnitudes are on their part linked to the interference or ‘noise’ resulting from general molecular thermal activity, the noise energy being proportional to the bandwidth. Effective transmission requires a sufficiently high ratio of signal energy to noise energy or to interferences of any kind in the receiver (signal:noise = S:N ratio). If, for detecting weak signals, the bandwidth is reduced in order to lessen the noise, one pays for it with a corresponding diminution of the transmission rate, i.e., it takes longer to convey a communication [13].

[12] – analogous: cross-section of a water-carrying tube in respect of the flow of water volume/time at constant pressure differential.

[13] – The build-up of a TV image takes 1/25 sec. in earthly space, from the borders of our planetary system it takes several hours.

Most of our contemporaries are unaware of the huge scope of the worldwide EM communication systems, the increasing ‘informatory linking-up (integration)‘ of mankind and the resulting unavoidable changes in consciousness. Should also not be underestimated that the modulated EM smog may indirectly promote the realization of ITC as an immediate and direct linking of mental (thought) fields with electronic processes. Overmore could prove right a TI according to which the voice patterns contained in the earthly-technical communication fields facilitate the blending-in of transcommunication into our EM systems by the contact partners in the Beyond (F-37.12).

According to a report made by Sarah ESTEP, AAEVP, Nicholas A. REITER and Lori L. SCHILLIG, both US Americans, have published conceptions related to the time-multiplex process. They proceed from the hypothesis of intermitting parallel universes characterized by different repetition rates of the ongoings. In the formation of extraordinary voices and images a partial sychronization of the repetition rates of two universes via a provable differential frequency could lead to a communicative reciprocal effect (ZSTK III/4, 1998, page 24 and followings).